Pope Julius II (Italian: Papa Giulio II; Latin: Iulius II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in 1513. Originally named Giuliano Della Rovere, Julius II was born in 1443 to a noble but poor family. Pope Julius II. He accompanied the French king on his expedition against Naples in the hope that Charles would also depose Alexander VI. Leo X was critical of Michelangelo's bad disposition, confiding to Venetian painter Sebastiano del Piombo, "Michelangelo is frightening...one cannot deal with him." Indeed, on the day of his election, he declared: Born Giuliano della Rovere on December 5, 1443 in Albissola (in the Savona region), he was the nephew of the future Pope Sixtus IV, Francesco della Rovere. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-II, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Pope Julius II, Art Encyclopedia - Biography of Pope Julius II, Julius II - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple. Skip to the beginning of the images gallery. Julius was a native of Rome and was chosen as successor of Pope Mark after the Roman seat had been vacant for four months.. Arianism. Huile sur bois, Palais Pitti, Florence [2]. Page 4 of 50 - About 500 essays. If you haven’t heard of the Stanza della Segnatura, you may still have heard of the painting The School of Athens. The famous bronze statue of the Pope for the church of S. Petronio in Bologna, completed in 1508, was destroyed in 1511. But this war, which lasted from 1510 – 1511 was unsuccessful. And so, whilst Julius may have been more concerned with the recovery and expansion of papal territory, he did in the process help forge an Italian national consciousness. To achieve this Julius II used warfare. Portrait of Pope Julius II is an oil painting of 1511–12 by the Italian High Renaissance painter Raphael.The portrait of Pope Julius II was unusual for its time and would carry a long influence on papal portraiture. In 1468 he became a Franciscan, and in 1471 Sixtus IV made him a cardinal. At the start of his reign Pope Julius II had seriously desired to bring about a reform of the Catholic … Pope Julius regarded St. Peter's as an important part of his building program, which was intended to symbolize the restoration of Rome's ancient position of power and prestige. Shortly after this, following the election of his uncle as Pope Sixtus IV, he was appointed Cardinal of San Pietro in Vincoli. When Rodrigo Borgia, elected pope as Alexander VI in 1492, plotted Giuliano’s assassination, Giuliano fled in 1494 to the court of Charles VIII of France. After the death of Sixtus IV, for whom Giuliano commissioned a bronze sepulchre by Antonio Pollaiuolo, now in the Vatican Grotto of St. Peter’s, the Cardinal’s candidate, the weak Innocent VIII, was elected through bribery. Among the sculptures is the famous Moses, considered one of the artist's greatest works. Under Pope Julius II, several important works were completed in the Vatican, including his own private library in the Apostolic Palace. Besides Bramante, the … Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere, b. Educated by the Franciscans, he became the Bishop of Carpentras in 1471, at the age of 18. Large portions of it had been appropriated by Venice after Alexander VI’s death. Page 4 of 50 - About 500 essays. Giuliano had many attempts at gaining power. Pope Julius II, who was nicknamed ‘the Warrior Pope’, died on this day in 1513 in Rome. Pope Juluis' Tomb. Your painting's beautiful, but false. 3 900,00 € Qté. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Essay about A Christian View of Suffering 1562 Words | 7 Pages . The Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt called him the “saviour of the papacy,” because Alexander VI had greatly endangered its existence for the sake of his family interests. This was the motivation for his second war – to drive the French from Italy. He was so close to some of these masters, that Julius II became Michelangelo’s intellectual collaborator. He commissioned Michelangelo’s “Moses” and paintings in the Sistine Chapel and Raphael’s frescoes in the Vatican. Spiritual references to the person and the pontificate of Julius II are evident in one of the rooms (the Stanza della Segnatura), where earthly and celestial wisdom are juxtaposed in the “School of Athens” and the “Disputa,” while the beauty of creativity is represented in the “Parnassus.” The theme of another room (the Stanza d’Eliodoro), which could be called a transcendental “political” biography of the Pope, is still more personal. Pope Julius II opened an even longer street on the other bank of the river: Via della Lungara linked Porta S. Spirito with Porta Settimiana: it was called Sub Janiculo because it was located at the foot of that hill: the street continued beyond Porta Settimiana and was called Via Transtiberina because it crossed Trastevere (today it is called Via della Lungaretta). The third great fresco in this room, the “Mass of Bolsena,” shows the Pope kneeling, rather than enthroned, in commemoration of his veneration of the corporale (communion cloth) of Bolsena in the cathedral of Orvieto. Dynamic but difficult, with an ego matched only by his vision, Julius was one of the great patrons of Renaissance art and architecture. His name is closely linked with those of such great artists as Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo. In addition to these fresco portraits, there is one by Raphael in the Uffizi gallery in Florence, one of the masterpieces of portraiture, which shows the Pope not as the victorious Moses springing to his feet, as Michelangelo portrayed him, but as a resigned, pensive old man at the end of an adventurous, embattled life. Significance of Pope Julius II in Raphael's life *Portrait of Pope Julius II, 1511 *he worked on a series of important frescoes for Pope Julius II, who also commissioned Michelangelo's frescoes on the Sistine Ceiling. 1513, pope 1503–1513) is best known as the “warrior pope” who used warfare to accomplish his ends of gaining control of the Papal States after the alienation of sections to Cesare Borgia, the incursions and confiscation of the Venetians, and the rebellion of local lords. Pope Julius II was known for sponsoring some of the greatest artwork of the Italian Renaissance, including the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo. Louis XII had defeated the troops of the alliance at Ravenna in April 1512, but the situation changed when Swiss troops were sent to the Pope’s aid. Around 1503 the Pope conceived the idea of building a new basilica of St. Peter, the first model of which Bramante created. Immediately after his election, he decreed that all future simoniacal papal elections would be invalid and subject to penalty. Born Giuliano della Rovere on December 5, 1443 in Albissola … Giuliano was the son of the impoverished Rafaello della Rovere, Pope Sixtus IV’s only brother. Although he had little of the priest in him, he was concerned toward the end only with the church’s grandeur. He chose the name Francis to honor St. Francis of Assisi. 216 th Pontiff (1503-1513). This was convened to eradicate corruption in the Church and to end the many abuses in the Papal government. Pope Leo X juxtaposed the character of his predecessor, the warrior pope, Julius II. Pope Julius II. What significance did the painting above have on the future of art in Italy? The set in question was donated by then Cardinal Guiliano della Rovere who would eventually go on to become Pope Julius II, one of the most powerful and influential popes in history -- being the same pope responsible for the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, the presence of the Swiss Guard in the Vatican, as well as founding the Vatican Museums. With his wealth and visionary ideas, he contributed to their creativity. Pope Julius II. Chapter 16- Pope Julius II. By 1509 Raphael, introduced to Julius, had begun his masterpieces for the Pope, the frescoes in three rooms of the Vatican. Your painting's beautiful, but false. With his wealth of visionary ideas, he contributed to their creativity. In 1505, shortly after the David was placed at the main entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio, Michelangelo was called to Rome by Pope Julius II. Pope Julius II was the son of Rafaello della Rovere, nephew of Pope Sixtus IV. Pontificate. The way this portrait was presented was different from most others during that time period. He first conquered Perugia and Bologna in the autumn of 1508, and then in March 1509, he joined the League of Cambrai, an anti-Venetian alliance. He was known as "the Warrior Pope." Julius II was Italy’s saviour. 032 933 85 20 Rue Marie-Anne Calame 5 CH - 2400 Le Locle claap.ch The league troops defeated Venice in May 1509 and the Papal States were restored. After concluding an alliance with Venice and Ferdinand II of Spain and Naples in October 1511, he opened the council in May 1512 at the Lateran Palace. Michelangelo’s chalk drawing of the Pope in the Uffizi gallery approaches it in quality. He was the nephew of Pope Sixtus IV. (Octagon) ... What astonishing decision regarding St. Peter's Basilica did Pope Julius II make in 1506? Page 20 of 50 - About 500 essays. Julius II succeeds because of his good managing of fortune and the ability to decide on the right thing at the right time. All of them are different from one another, which makes each of them unique. Pope Julius II (Italian: Papa Giulio II; Latin: Iulius II) (5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, and nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" and "The Warrior Pope". There are many different perspectives on suffering with regard to its meaning, significance and purposes. After Innocent VIII’s death, Giuliano tried to become Pope but was rejected due to the cardinals disapproving of his past control of power. 1443–d. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Answer Pope Julius II was the patron of Michelangelo, Bramante, and Rapahael. Details. Due to this connection, Guilano was elected as the Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome. The enduring impact of the life of Julius II stemmed from his gift for inspiring great artistic creations. Michelangelo : I … Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. As well as conducting military campaigns during his papacy he was responsible for the destruction and rebuilding of St Peter’s Basilica and commissioning Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Â The Tomb of Pope Julius II in the church of San Pietro is a large wall tomb consisting of elegant architecture and marble sculpture carved also by Michelangelo. Following an overall plan, he added many fine buildings to Rome and laid the groundwork in the Vatican Museum for the world’s greatest collection of antiquities. Under the patronage of Julius II in 1506, a breathtaking artistic era was inaugurated, when Raphael’s Stanze and of Sistine Chapel were redecorated with frescoes by Michelangelo. Its foundation stone was laid on April 18, 1506. Among the innumerable Italian churches that benefitted from his encouragement of the arts was Sta. From extending the papacy’s power as the dominant political and military force and confiscating the landholdings of Cesare Borgia, Julius II sought to free all of Italy from the French and stop the rebellion of local lords. Julius’s main goal on becoming Pope was to reinstate the papal states to their former glory, as they had fallen into ruin thanks to the Borgias. The museums contain approximately 70,000 works of which 20,000 on display. Perhaps his greatest achievement was the Fifth Lateran Council. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? The papacy had been vacant four months when he was elected as St. Mark’s successor on Feb. 6, 337. Pope Julius II. Pope Leo X spend lavishly and lived the high life and Julius II was known as the ‘‘Warrior-Pope’ for his love of war.’’ [12] This and their lavish patronage of the arts resulted in serious financial difficulties for the Church despite its vast wealth, by the end of the fifteenth century. Yet, apart from the avarice and corruption inherent in his office and time as much as in himself, he was incapable of baseness and vindictiveness and despised informers and flatterers; no one was able to influence his decisions. Nicknamed “Il terrible” by his contemporaries and the “Warrior Pope” by historians, Julius II’s early sixteenth-century pontificate marked a notable political and militaristic expansion of the papacy. Instead, Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia was appointed, becoming Pope Alexander VI until his death in 1503. Author of. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope, he chose his papal name not in honour of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar. Pope Julius II was also a capable administrator and he reformed the curia, the Papal bureaucracy. As cardinal, Julius II fathered at least one illegitimate daughter, Felice. Of Julius’ tomb only the “Moses” in the church of S. Pietro in Vincoli, in Rome, was completed; the Pope is, however, not interred there but in St. Peter’s, along with the remains of Sixtus IV. Julius II's titular church as cardinal, before he was elevated to the papacy, had been S. Pietro in Vincoli (St. Pope Julius II. In 1508 Michelangelo was prevailed upon by Julius to begin his paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which were unveiled in October 1512. Under Pope Julius II, several important works were completed in the Vatican, including his own private library in the Apostolic Palace. Francis is the first Jesuit pope. Julius’ library includes two surviving frescoes by Raphael—Disputation of the Holy Sacrament (c.1508-1509) and School of Athens. He is one of the most unique and influential pontiffs in Church History. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope, he chose his papal name not in honour of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar. From early in its life, it was specially hung at the pillars of the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, on the main route from the north into Rome, on feast and high holy days. Ajouter au panier . Pope Julius II was head of the Roman Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in 1513. The Vatican Museums are a world of artistic wonder located within the boundaries of the Vatican City. All of them are different from one another, which makes each of them unique. Pope Julius II was a popular painting subject for this artist as well as his students. The Warrior Pope had been elected to the papal seat in 1503. Raphael actually painted several different portraits of the Pope, which are found all over the world today. 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