It is given to verification. He has to train the mind or mental faculties of the students which is obviously a psychological task. Another difficulty of the method is that it may destroy the very experience or process it aims at studying. He should be able to perceive and observed the experience and behavior of others in relation to his own mind and experiences. It has been observed that many of the abnormal and undesirable behavior and activities of children are deeply rooted in the unconscious mind and its elements. Such responses are drawn by presenting a broad range of testing materials like pictures, ink-blot cards, stimulus words, drawing, arranging and interpreting picture situations, filling in the blanks, and so on. Educational psychology involves the study of how people learn, including topics such as student outcomes, instructional procedures, personal differences in learning, gifted learners or learning disabilities. In physical sciences, experiments are performed on inorganic or dead subjects, whereas in psychology experiments are performed on living subjects. The passage having been memorised, group ‘A’ will be given some rest-pause for a certain period whereas group ‘B’ will be given some other intellectual task, say, of working out some mathematical problems during this interval. Similarly reaction time of the subject cannot be tested with the help of any method except the experimental method. Educational Psychology needs to study Social psychology also. In framing a questionnaire, one should be clear about the objectives in hand. ”. We know only one mind directly and very intimately and that is my own mind. For example, we want to study the effect of punishment on learning. Training the mind obviously needs a psychological background. The personality of the individual child is the outcome of the interaction of the two forces of heredity and environment. REWARD AND PUNISHMENT: Reward and punishment is the behavioural approach educational psychology helps the teacher to teach when she gives reward and when she gives punishment to the child for positive behavior attitude. How to keep our mental health in this context is the common cause of concern today that comprises the study of educational psychology. There has been a gradual realization of the need and importance of the study of psychology for the teacher. Again, the method does not entail any expenses. The experimental method in psychology was made popular first by a German psychologist named Wundt who opened the first psychological laboratory at Leipzing in 1879. Suppose we want to study the effect of a period of intellectual activity after memorising a prose passage, on the amount of material remembered. These controls are called experimental controls. From the description of an experiment given above it will be clear that certain condition must be borne in mind for its success: (a) We have to understand the organism and its nature fully. The entity of human beings can be observed only indirectly through the behavior and reaction of individuals in various psycho-social situations. Subjects constituting the control group do not receive the drug whereas those of the experimental group do set it. Rousseau had maintained the view that the child should be treated as a child before he is an adult. The individual is given a place on the scale or a score which indicates the degree to which a person possesses a given behaviour trait. It takes into consideration the creation of interest and motivation in learning. We can only say that such and such person is more worried today than yesterday or he is more worried than another individual. Educational Psychology Books PDF- Are you searching for Educational psychology notes for B.ed then you are in the right place.Today I will provide you the complete notes on educational psychology. The behaviour observed may be expressed in the form of bodily changes, bodily action, gestures, facial expression and speech. Individual is studied internally by this method in a quantitative manner like the study of emotion, motivation, learning and perception etc. The questionnaire is another form of the introspective method, which is used in the appraisal of personal qualities, attitudes, opinions and beliefs of individuals. Rather they are concerned with a unique individual who is trouble in and interest is focussed on the immediate, practical question of how to best help him. Introspection or self-evaluation is the essential quality requires by a good teacher. In the worlds of James N. Shafer, the world ‘variable’ itself refers to any event or process that may assume different values. The method was used widely by child psychologists who would prepare running records of all that the child did during a certain period and in a certain situation. Therefore, the teacher has to know the social structure and psychology of different types of students in effectively dealing with the classroom situation. This provides a wider scope of study in educational psychology. specialization in Quantitative Methods. Response variables can vary in the following ways:-. Educational psychology is an applied discipline which combines the two different fields of education and psychology. Without knowledge of such developmental characteristics, education cannot effective for individuals. In it the influence of extraneous factors that are not included in the hypothesis are prevented from operating and confusing the outcome which is to be appraised. Once the goal is decided psychology can act in order to arrive at the goal without much difficulty. The primary aim of educational psychology is (a) To contribute to an understanding of sound educational practices. It has to study the psycho-physical abilities of the learner in an analytical way. This back-ground should help us to arrive at some conclusions about the learning behaviour in adulthood. INTROSPECTION METHOD WHEN A PERSON OR ‘SUBJECT’ HIMSELF OBSERVES HIS OWN MENTAL STATES AND BEHAVIOUR,IT IS INTROSPECTION OR SUBJECTIVE OBSERVATION. Psychology cannot decide the aims, ideals, and norms of education. 4. We need to know what is going on in the mind of that person. Some of the organismic variables are following:-. These simple behaviour patterns grow more complex gradually as the individual grows in age. Proving or disproving a hypothesis is technically described as ‘testing’ a hypothesis. Judd describes educational psychology as, “a scientific study of the life stages in the development of an individual from the time he is born until he becomes … (d) If the experiment involves danger to human subjects, it must be performed on the species close to human beings i.e., chimpanzees rather than rats. Introspection means to see with in one self or self observation. There is also a history of significant methodological innovation by educational psychologists, and psychologists investigating educational problems. An understanding of an adult can be facilitated if we begin with the learning behaviour in his childhood, go on to the study of such behaviour in his preadolescence and adolescence. These methods have to be scientific, consistent and systematic if the knowledge that we get through them is to be used for scientific purposes. The lesser the energy is consumed in attaining a certain result, the greater is the efficiency. Objective measurement of mental abilities and intelligence of individuals is gaining more renown in educational psychology today. It studies the behavior of an individual in analytical detail, without summarizing generally accepted norms or goals out of it. Thus, we will be able to state with confidence, after carrying out this experiment for a few days, that the most efficient mental work is accomplished, at least for those subjects, with room temperature, say at 70° F. Another important technique of experimentation in educational psychology is the use of control-group method. We should be aware of some of the possible limitations of psychology as a subject. We obtain a direct knowledge of the mental experience of the individual. The Experimental Method 4. It studies the stages of development and their characteristic in order to design the system and method of learning. It is the roles of a teacher to know the child whom he is going to teach. Introspection is the easiest of all methods of educational psychology. This method, by laying emphasis on the developmental aspects of behaviour, seeks to find out the causes of that behaviour in its crude beginnings. What do we inherit? The answers obtained are then compiled, classified and analysed or categorised and interpreted. There are some special activities which can be studied only with the help of experimental method. Educational Psychology tries to develop biological individuality into social personality in the child. What cannot be verified or repeated by others lack scientific validity. An artist is painting a picture. (c) Response variables (Dependent variables): The dependent variable is the variable that we predict will change with changes in the independent variable. The following points highlight the top six methods of educational psychology. But, it was Rousseau for the first time that brought about a revolutionary change in the traditional concept of a child learning with his classic work ‘Emile’. Teaching theories: educational psychology Traditional theories Mental-discipline theories. The study of the individuality of the child with a view to individualization of his learning and education covers a major area of study in educational psychology. Man’s behavior is by nature dynamic and variable that could not be decided finally even by Psychology, for all time to come’. The later will be ascertained through various tests and observations. He may also be influenced by suggestion. Group ‘A’ is the control group and group ‘B’ is the experimental group. There is no need for any laboratory or apparatus. In view of individual differences in the ability of the students, educational guidance has assumed great significance. Instead, it is an applied branch of general psychology that studies the behavior of an individual in the learning situation and its problems. Educational psychology employs scientific methods and adopts a scientific approach for studying the learner’s behaviour such as observation, experimentation, clinical investigation and generalization, etc. We interfere with them and arrange them for ourselves in order to see what will happen………………………. Secondly, it is necessary that before we form an estimate of an individual’s behaviour, we should have made a number of observations of the same behaviour in similar conditions. Subject variables involve characteristics of the individuals such as age, sex, intelligence, race and fatigue. Hence, it cannot be verified by other observers. Hence, introspection is regarded as an unscientific method. Psychologists working in this field are interested in … Search for: Methods of Data Collection. What changes take place in thought and behaviour at different stages of life? It has introduced quantitative measurement in psychology. With the establishment of a psychological laboratory, the experimental method has gained more prominence. Fifthly, to ensure accuracy of observation and to reduce the effect of bias, the behaviour may be observed for a specific period of time, after it has been analysed into its various aspects. A person’s height and weight would be examples of physical variables while intelligence and personality would be considered psychological variables. 4. The following are the essential features or requirements underlying the experiment: There should be psychological laboratory fully equipped with apparatus. It will be desirable here to understand the essentials of the experimental method. Instruction may influence his response. Here again, psychology may serve as a guide to him. There are substantive demands in terms of effort, time, and expertise associated with designing and conducting a rigorous mixed methods study (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2018, McKim, 2017). The method is open to criticism since the teacher or observer may have missed certain things or may not remember accurately. One of the forms of introspection that is used in educational psychology is the anecdotal method. So, the study of the nature and causes of their complexity and to normalize the situation covers became an interesting area of its study. By applying the principles and techniques of psychology, it tries to study the behaviour and experiences of the pupils. It had helped in working out of the educational plan and program for the effective solution of the problems. Direct observation however, can be quite effective one the subject or subjects get used and adjusted to the presence of the psychologist. 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